{
  "id": "housing-formal-dwellings",
  "title": "Households in formal dwellings",
  "description": "Percentage of households living in formal dwellings (brick/concrete houses, flats, townhouses, cluster and semi-detached houses, and formal backyard units) in Census 2022, up from 65.1% in 1996. About 8.1% lived in informal dwellings (13.6% in 2011) and 3.1% in traditional dwellings.",
  "unit": "%",
  "category": "housing",
  "latest": {
    "value": 88.5,
    "display": "88.5%"
  },
  "source": {
    "publisher": "Statistics South Africa",
    "publication": "Census 2022 Statistical Release",
    "url": "https://census.statssa.gov.za/assets/documents/2022/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf",
    "releasedOn": "2023-10-10"
  },
  "checkedOn": "2026-10-19",
  "page": "https://sadatahub.tech/series/housing-formal-dwellings",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "citation": "Statistics South Africa (2023). Census 2022 Statistical Release. Series \"Households in formal dwellings\" via SA Data Hub, https://sadatahub.tech/series/housing-formal-dwellings (checked 2026-10-19).",
  "points": [
    {
      "period": "1996",
      "value": 65.1
    },
    {
      "period": "2001",
      "value": 65.2
    },
    {
      "period": "2011",
      "value": 77.6
    },
    {
      "period": "2016",
      "value": 78.1
    },
    {
      "period": "2022",
      "value": 88.5
    }
  ],
  "revisions": [],
  "changeLog": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-19",
      "type": "correction",
      "summary": "Corrected to verified Census 2022 values: piped water in dwelling 59.7% (was 63.0%), electricity for lighting 94.7% (was 91.2%), formal dwellings 88.5% (was 80.9%), households 17,828,778 / size 3.5 (was 17.3M / 3.0), internet access 79% (was 64%). Historical points and GHS comparison not re-verified."
    },
    {
      "date": "2023-10-10",
      "type": "data-update",
      "summary": "Housing and services indicators updated from Census 2022 and household survey sources."
    }
  ]
}